Eight wolves, 88 cattle dead
By Peter Aleshire Special to the Independent
APACHE COUNTY — The range war between wolves and humans continues in Arizona and New Mexico, according to the latest report from Arizona Game and Fish.
From January to June, eight wolves died or were killed, out of a documented 2018 population of 131; two of the deaths occurred in Arizona.
The wolf population grew by 12 percent between 2017 and 2018, but the mortalities in the first six months of this year wiped out many of those gains. Most of the deaths remain under investigation, but deliberate killing by humans played a big role. A least one of the wolves was killed by program managers because he’d kill cattle.
On the other hand, the wolf packs in Arizona, New Mexico and the Fort Apache Reservation have killed at least 88 livestock since January – most of them calves on the open range. A handful of those kills were cows. Twenty-six confirmed depredations occurred in Arizona, including one horse.
Studies show ranchers can dramatically reduce wolf kills if they keep the calves in secure enclosures for some months after birth, but most ranchers put the cows and calves on the open range until the fall roundup.
The most recent population study documented 32 wolf packs, plus seven wolves wandering alone – looking for a pack or a mate or unoccupied territory. In the past year, 18 packs had pups – and 16 packs had young that made it through their first year. A total of 81 pups were born and 47 survived their first year.
Their population has fluctuated, but hasn’t grown much in the past five years – in part due to continued, mostly unsolved shootings.
Only 79 of the wolves in the wild are radio-collared and easy to count and track. Of the total of 131 wolves, 64 were in Arizona and 67 in New Mexico. The wolves were reintroduced into the area in 1998.
The June status report detailed a whole series of conflicts between ranchers and the endangered wolves. The wolves killed 16 calves and cows in June alone.
The report detailed one encounter between a cowboy and a pack of wolves near Escudilla Mountain near Alpine. The cowboy was riding toward a herd of cattle accompanied by two ranch dogs. The dogs ran on ahead, then turned around and raced back to the cowboy – pursued by several wolves.
The cowboy charged the wolves on horseback. Once he got within 20 feet, the wolves scattered. The cowboy then spotted four other wolves chasing cattle, so he charged them and drove them away as well.
The wolves apparently belonged to the Elk Horn Pack, one of about 13 wolf packs in Arizona and the Fort Apache Reservation. The Elk Horn pack consisted of a breeding pair, plus a younger male and two younger females. It is one of the largest and best established packs.
One of the wolves from that pack was later found dead in New Mexico. The death is still under investigation.
The frequent shooting of the wolves — mostly by persons unknown — continually whittles away at the wolf population. Last year, wolf managers documented 21 wolf deaths.
In June, most of the packs in the wild were starting to show signs that they’re looking for dens to raise their pups.
About 280 wolves live in the captive breeding programs. Biologists are trying to boost reproduction in the wild population, since a wolf born in the wild is much more likely to survive than a wolf raised in captivity and then released.
The US Fish and Wildlife Service has in the past several years tried a new system that places wolf pups born in the captive breeding program into the dens of wild wolves. The wild wolves almost always moved their dens after the biologists smuggled in the new foster pups – but then generally raised the introduced pups as their own.
Last spring, biologists placed a total of eight foster pups in dens.
The foster pups have not only boosted the reproduction rate, they’ve also helped foster greater genetic diversity in the sometimes dangerously inbred wild wolves. All the Mexican grey wolves alive today are descended from the last seven of the species which were captured in the US and Mexico in 1977.
Biologists have also been leaving supplemental food caches near many of the wolves with pups – especially the foster families. They’re hoping the extra food will reduce the incidence of wolves preying on cattle, especially calves.
“The survey shows that cross-fostering – taking days-old pups born in captivity and placing them in packs in the wild – is bearing fruit,” said Game and Fish manager Jim deVos. “One of the key recovery criteria addresses the need for increasing genetic diversity within the wild population. Using the proven approach of cross-fostering, the Interagency Field Team documented survival of no fewer than three fostered pups from 2018 fostering events.”
The US Fish and Wildlife Service has a standing reward of $10,000 for information leading to conviction of someone who illegally kills and Mexican Grey Wolf. Conservation groups have offered additional rewards of up to $58,000.
If you have information on a wolf killing, call AZGFD Operation Game Theft at (800) 352-0700).
How wildlife managers work to protect livestock
The Arizona Game and Fish Interagency Field Team that manages the wolves, relies on several strategies to mitigate the impact of wolves on livestock, says team leader J. Paul Greer.
“We work regularly to mitigate impacts of wolves on livestock producers where wolves and livestock overlap … This is done with a number of different ways and often in a combination of strategies. These include: proactive information dissemination to livestock producers where Mexican wolves are known to exist, monitoring wolves in areas with potential or recent wolf conflict on livestock, hazing of wolves away from areas of conflict, temporary diversionary feeding of a wolf or pack with road-killed deer and elk, issuance of telemetry receivers to livestock producers so they have the ability to detect collared wolves near their cattle, use of visual or audible scare devices, and requesting removal of wolves by US Fish and Wildlife Service in situations where one or more wolves has demonstrated a pattern of killing livestock.
Our efforts are most effective when we are able to work cooperatively with the livestock producers with the common goal of avoiding and preventing depredations. We recognize wolf depredations on livestock can cause a significant burden on livestock producers. Our goal is to do everything we can to work proactively with producers to mitigate wolf/livestock conflict and resolve it when it arises.